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Mordecai Menahem Kaplan (June 11, 1881 – November 8, 1983), was a rabbi, essayist and Jewish educator and the co-founder of Reconstructionist Judaism along with his son-in-law Ira Eisenstein. ==Life and work== Kaplan was born in Švenčionys, Lithuania, to Rabbi Israel and Haya (Anna) Kaplan. In 1889, he emigrated to the United States with his mother and sisters to join his father in New York City who was working with the Chief Rabbi Jacob Joseph. He attended Etz Chaim Yeshiva in Manhattan for a short period. In 1895 Kaplan attended the City College of New York. From 1893 to 1902 he also studied at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. After graduating from CCNY in 1900 he went to Columbia University studying philosophy, sociology and education receiving a master's degree and a Doctorate. Majoring in philosophy, he wrote his Masters thesis on the ethical philosophy of Henry Sidgwick. His lecturers included the philosopher of ethical culture Felix Adler and the sociologist Franklin Giddings.〔For a biography of Kaplan's life consult, Mel Scult Judaism Faces the Twentieth Century- A Biography of Mordecai M. Kaplan, Wayne State University Press, 1993 ISBN 0-8143-2279-4〕 In July 1908 he married Lena Rubin. He received ''semikhah'' from Rabbi Isaac Jacob Reines while on his honeymoon. Kaplan began his career as an Orthodox rabbi at Congregation Kehilath Jeshurun, a synagogue in New York. In 1912, he was an advisor to the creators of the Young Israel movement of Modern Orthodox Judaism, together with Rabbi Israel Friedlander.〔For Kaplan founding Young Israel, see: *S. Daniel Breslauer (1994). ''Mordecai Kaplan's Thought In a Postmodern Age''. Scholars Press. p. 25. *Daniel Judah Elazar (1995). ''Community and Polity: The Organizational Dynamics of American Jewry''. Jewish Publication Society. p. 133. *Daniel Judah Elazar, Rela M. Geffen (2000). ''The Conservative Movement in Judaism: Dilemmas and Opportunities''. State University of New York Press. p. 24. *Bernard Melvin Lazerwitz (1998). ''Jewish Choices: American Jewish Denominationalism''. State University of New York Press. p. 19. *Benny Kraut, "Jewish Survival in Protestant American", in Jonathan D. Sarna (ed.) (1998). ''Minority Faiths and the American Protestant Mainstream''. University of Illinois Press. p. 33. *Jeanette Freidman, "Young Israel", in Fred Skolnik, Michael Berenbaum (eds.) (2007), ''Encyclopaedia Judaica'', Volume 21, Macmillan Reference USA in association with the Keter Publishing House. p. 402.〕 He was a leader in creating the Jewish community center concept, and helped found the Society for the Advancement of Judaism. He held the first public celebration of a bat mitzvah in the United States, for his daughter Judith, on March 18, 1922, at the Society for the Advancement of Judaism, his synagogue in New York City.〔Waskow, Arthur Ocean and Phyllis Ocean Berman. Excerpt from ''A Time for Every Purpose Under Heaven'' Farrar, Straus and Giroux, LLC at 〕 Judith Kaplan recited the preliminary blessing, read a portion of that week's Torah portion in Hebrew and English, and then intoned the closing blessing.〔 From 1934 until 1970 Kaplan wrote a series of books in which he expressed his Reconstructionist ideology, which centred on the "concept of Judaism as a civilization". He was a prolific writer, keeping a journal throughout most of his life. After the death of his wife in 1958, he married Rivka Rieger, an Israeli artist. He died in New York City in 1983 at the age of 102. He was survived by Rivka and his daughters Dr. Judith Eisenstein (formerly Judith Kaplan), Hadassah Musher, Dr. Naomi Wenner and Selma Jaffe-Goldman. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mordecai Kaplan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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